REFERENCE

Grades

A reference across 500+ steel and alloy grades in 11 families, with chemical composition by weight percent.

Cross-standard equivalents Pitting resistance Dataset

500+ grades

Austenitic

71 grades

Austenitic grades hold a face-centred cubic structure at room temperature, stabilised by nickel, manganese and nitrogen against a chromium content of roughly 16 to 26 percent. They are non-magnetic in the annealed condition and cannot be hardened by heat treatment: they work-harden instead, which leaves them ductile and tough down to cryogenic temperatures. The 300 series accounts for most stainless steel in use, in tanks, piping, fasteners, food and pharmaceutical equipment and chemical process plant.

Austenitic grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	Equivalents	C %	Mn %	Si %	Cr %	Ni %	Mo %	N %	Other
AISI 201	EN 1.4372 · S20100	≤0.15	5.5-7.5	≤1.0	16.0-18.0	3.5-5.5		≤0.25	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.06
AISI 202	S20200	≤0.15	7.5-10.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	4.0-6.0		≤0.25	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.06
AISI 204 Cu		≤0.15	6.5-9.0	≤1.0	15.5-17.5	1.5-3.5		0.05-0.25	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.06 · Cu 2.0-4.0
AISI 301	EN 1.4310 · S30100	≤0.15	≤2.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0	6.0-8.0		≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 302	EN 1.4300 · S30200	≤0.15	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	8.0-10.0		≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 302 B	S30215	≤0.15	≤2.0	2.0-3.0	17.0-19.0	8.0-10.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 303	EN 1.4305 · S30300 · SUS 303	≤0.15	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	8.0-10.0			S ≥0.15 · P ≤0.2 · Zr+Mo ≤0.6
AISI 303 SE	S30323	≤0.15	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	8.0-10.0			S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.2 · Se ≥0.15
AISI 304	EN 1.4301 · S30400 · SUS 304	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.75	18.0-20.0	8.0-10.5		≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 304 L	EN 1.4307 · S30403 · SUS 304L	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤0.75	18.0-20.0	8.0-12.0		≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 304 H	EN 1.4948 · S30409	0.04-0.1	≤2.0	≤0.75	18.0-20.0	8.0-10.5			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 304 N	S30451	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.75	18.0-20.0	8.0-10.5		0.1-0.16	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 304 LN	EN 1.4311 · S30453	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤0.75	18.0-20.0	8.0-12.0		0.1-0.16	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 305	EN 1.4303 · S30500 · SUS 305J1	≤0.12	≤2.0	≤0.75	17.0-19.0	10.5-13.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 308	S30800	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.0	19.0-21.0	10.0-12.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 309	EN 1.4828 · S30900	≤0.2	≤2.0	≤0.75	22.0-24.0	12.0-15.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 309 S	EN 1.4833 · S30908	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.75	22.0-24.0	12.0-15.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 310	EN 1.4845 · S31000	≤0.25	≤2.0	≤1.5	24.0-26.0	19.0-22.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 310 S	EN 1.4845 · S31008	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.5	24.0-26.0	19.0-22.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 314	EN 1.4841 · S31400	≤0.25	≤2.0	1.5-3.0	23.0-26.0	19.0-22.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 316	EN 1.4401 · S31600 · SUS 316	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.75	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	2.0-3.0	≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 316 L	EN 1.4404 · S31603 · SUS 316L	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤0.75	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	2.0-3.0	≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 316 H		0.04-0.1	≤2.0	≤0.75	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	2.0-3.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 316 N	S31651	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.75	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	2.0-3.0	0.1-0.16	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 316 LN	EN 1.4406 · S31653	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤0.75	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	2.0-3.0	0.1-0.16	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 316 Ti	EN 1.4571 · S31635 · SUS 316Ti	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.75	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	2.0-3.0	≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045 · Ti ≤0.7Ti minimum 5x(C+N) per ASTM A240, maximum 0.70
AISI 317	S31700	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.0	18.0-20.0	11.0-15.0	3.0-4.0	≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 317 L	EN 1.4438 · S31703	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	18.0-20.0	11.0-15.0	3.0-4.0	≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 321	EN 1.4541 · S32100 · SUS 321	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.75	17.0-19.0	9.0-12.0		≤0.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045 · Ti ≤0.7Ti minimum 5x(C+N) per ASTM A240, maximum 0.70
AISI 321 H	EN 1.4878 · S32109	0.04-0.1	≤2.0	≤0.75	17.0-19.0	9.0-12.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045 · Ti ≤0.7Ti minimum 4x(C+N) per ASTM A240, maximum 0.70
AISI 347	EN 1.4550 · S34700	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.75	17.0-19.0	9.0-13.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045 · Nb ≤1.0Nb minimum 10xC per ASTM A240, maximum 1.00
AISI 348	S34800	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.75	17.0-19.0	9.0-13.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045 · Nb+Ta ≤1.0 · Ta ≤0.1 · Co ≤0.2Nb+Ta minimum 10xC per ASTM A240, maximum 1.00
AISI 384	S38400	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.0	15.0-17.0	17.0-19.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 385		≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.0	11.5-13.5	14.0-16.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
AISI 904 L	EN 1.4539 · N08904	≤0.02	≤2.0	≤1.0	19.0-23.0	23.0-28.0	4.0-5.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045 · Cu 1.0-2.0
DIN 1.4301	S30400 · SUS 304 · 304	≤0.07	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.5	8.0-10.5		≤0.11	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.045
DIN 1.4307	S30403 · SUS 304L · 304L	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.5-19.5	8.0-10.0		≤0.11	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.045
DIN 1.4401	S31600 · SUS 316 · 316	≤0.07	≤2.0	≤1.0	16.5-18.5	10.0-13.0	2.0-2.5	≤0.1	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.045
DIN 1.4404	S31603 · SUS 316L · 316L	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	16.5-18.0	10.0-13.0	2.0-2.5	≤0.1	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.045
DIN 1.4541	S32100 · SUS 321 · 321	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	9.0-12.0			S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.045 · Ti ≤0.7Ti minimum 5xC per EN 10088-3, maximum 0.70
DIN 1.4550	S34700 · 347	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	9.0-12.0			S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.045 · Nb ≤1.0Nb minimum 10xC per EN 10088-3, maximum 1.00
DIN 1.4571	S31635 · SUS 316Ti · 316Ti	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.0	16.5-18.5	10.5-13.5	2.0-2.5		S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.045 · Ti ≤0.7Ti minimum 5xC per EN 10088-3, maximum 0.70
DIN 1.4435		≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.0-18.5	12.5-15.0	2.5-3.0		S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.045
DIN 1.4828	309	≤0.2	≤2.0	1.5-2.5	19.0-21.0	11.0-13.0		≤0.11	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.04
XM 19		≤0.06	4.0-6.0	≤1.0	20.5-23.5	11.5-13.5	1.5-3.0	0.2-0.4	S ≤0.01 · P ≤0.04 · Nb 0.1-0.3 · V 0.1-0.3
NITRONIC 60		≤0.1	7.0-9.0	3.5-4.5	16.0-18.0	8.0-9.0	≤0.75	0.08-0.18	S ≤0.01 · P ≤0.04
ALLOY 20		≤0.07	≤2.0	≤1.0	19.0-21.0	32.0-38.0	2.0-3.0		S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.045 · Cu 3.0-4.0 · Nb+Ta ≤1.0Nb+Ta minimum 8xC per ASTM B473, maximum 1.00
SMO 254	EN 1.4547 · S31254	≤0.02	≤1.0	≤0.8	19.5-20.5	17.5-18.5	6.0-6.5	0.18-0.22	S ≤0.01 · P ≤0.03 · Cu 0.5-1.0
AISI 201 L		≤0.03	5.5-7.5	≤0.75	16.0-18.0	3.5-5.5		≤0.25	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045Low carbon 201 per ASTM A240 (UNS S20103)
AISI 301 L	EN 1.4318 · S30103	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0	6.0-8.0		≤0.2	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045Low carbon 301 per ASTM A240 (UNS S30103)
AISI 301 LN	EN 1.4318 · S30153	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0	6.0-8.0		0.07-0.2	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045Low carbon nitrogen strengthened 301 per ASTM A240 (UNS S30153)
AISI 317 LMN		≤0.03	≤2.0	≤0.75	17.0-20.0	13.5-17.5	4.0-5.0	0.1-0.2	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045High molybdenum nitrogen alloyed 317 per ASTM A240 (UNS S31726)
AISI 347 H	EN 1.4550 · S34709	0.04-0.1	≤2.0	≤0.75	17.0-19.0	9.0-13.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045 · Nb ≤1.0Nb minimum 8xC per ASTM A240, maximum 1.00 (UNS S34709)
SUS 304	EN 1.4301 · S30400 · 304	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.0	18.0-20.0	8.0-10.5			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045Japanese designation per JIS G4303, equivalent to AISI 304
SUS 316L	EN 1.4404 · S31603 · 316L	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0	12.0-15.0	2.0-3.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045Japanese designation per JIS G4303; note the higher nickel range than AISI 316L
08Kh18N10		≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.8	17.0-19.0	9.0-11.0			S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.035Russian grade per GOST 5632, close to AISI 304
12Kh18N10T		≤0.12	≤2.0	≤0.8	17.0-19.0	9.0-11.0			S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.035 · Ti ≤0.8Ti minimum 5xC per GOST 5632, maximum 0.8; close to AISI 321
08Kh18N10T		≤0.08	≤2.0	≤0.8	17.0-19.0	9.0-11.0			S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.035 · Ti ≤0.7Ti minimum 5xC per GOST 5632, maximum 0.7
10Kh17N13M2T		≤0.1	≤2.0	≤0.8	16.0-18.0	12.0-14.0	2.0-3.0		S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.035 · Ti ≤0.7Ti minimum 5xC per GOST 5632, maximum 0.7; close to AISI 316Ti
253 MA / S30815	EN 1.4835 · S30815	0.05-0.1	≤0.8	1.4-2.0	20.0-22.0	10.0-12.0		0.14-0.2	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.03 · Ce 0.03-0.08Heat-resisting austenitic grade, UNS S30815, per ASTM A240 Table 1.
AL-6XN / N08367	EN 1.4529 · N08367	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	20.0-22.0	23.5-25.5	6.0-7.0	0.18-0.25	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.03 · Cu ≤0.75Super-austenitic 6 percent molybdenum grade, UNS N08367, per ASTM A240 Table 1.
654 SMO / S32654	S32654	≤0.02	2.0-4.0	≤0.5	24.0-25.0	21.0-23.0	7.0-8.0	0.45-0.55	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.005 · Cu 0.3-0.6Super-austenitic 7 percent molybdenum grade, UNS S32654, per ASTM A240 Table 1.
AISI 309 H		0.04-0.1	≤2.0	≤0.75	22.0-24.0	12.0-15.0			P ≤0.045 · S ≤0.03High-carbon variant for elevated temperature service, UNS S30909, per ASTM A240 Table 1.
AISI 310 H		0.04-0.1	≤2.0	≤0.75	24.0-26.0	19.0-22.0			P ≤0.045 · S ≤0.03High-carbon variant for elevated temperature service, UNS S31009, per ASTM A240 Table 1.
XM 11 / S21904	S21904	≤0.04	8.0-10.0	≤0.75	19.0-21.5	5.5-7.5		0.15-0.4	P ≤0.06 · S ≤0.03Nitrogen-strengthened austenitic grade, UNS S21904, per ASTM A240 Table 1. ASTM A276 and A479 bar limits allow silicon to 1.00 and phosphorus to 0.045.
XM 29 / S24000	S24000	≤0.08	11.5-14.5	≤0.75	17.0-19.0	2.3-3.7		0.2-0.4	P ≤0.06 · S ≤0.03Nitrogen-strengthened austenitic grade, UNS S24000, per ASTM A240 Table 1. ASTM A276 and A479 bar limits allow silicon to 1.00.
ALLOY 330 / N08330	N08330	≤0.08	≤2.0	0.75-1.5	17.0-20.0	34.0-37.0			P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Cu ≤1.0 · Pb ≤0.005 · Sn ≤0.025Heat-resisting nickel-iron-chromium grade, UNS N08330, per ASTM A240 Table 1.
302 HQ / S30430	S30430	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	8.0-10.0			P ≤0.045 · S ≤0.03 · Cu 3.0-4.0Copper-bearing cold-heading grade, UNS S30430, per ASTM A493 Table 1.
XM 1 / S20300	S20300	≤0.08	5.0-6.5	≤1.0	16.0-18.0	5.0-6.5			P ≤0.04 · S 0.18-0.35 · Cu 1.75-2.25Free-machining austenitic bar grade, UNS S20300, per ASTM A582 Table 1.
XM 2 / S30345	S30345	≤0.15	≤2.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	8.0-10.0	0.4-0.6		P ≤0.05 · S 0.11-0.16 · Al 0.6-1.0Free-machining austenitic bar grade, UNS S30345, per ASTM A582 Table 1.
XM 5 / S30310	S30310	≤0.15	2.5-4.5	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	7.0-10.0			P ≤0.2 · S ≥0.25Free-machining austenitic bar grade, UNS S30310, per ASTM A582 Table 1.

Duplex

15 grades

Duplex grades carry roughly equal proportions of austenite and ferrite, reached with about 21 to 27 percent chromium, restrained nickel and controlled nitrogen. The mixed structure gives around twice the yield strength of a standard austenitic grade along with high resistance to chloride pitting and stress corrosion cracking. They are chosen for offshore and subsea equipment, desalination plant, chemical tankers, pressure vessels and bridge structures.

Duplex grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	Equivalents	C %	Mn %	Si %	Cr %	Ni %	Mo %	N %	Cu %	Other
AISI 329	EN 1.4460 · S32900	≤0.08	≤1.0	≤0.75	23.0-28.0	2.0-5.0	1.0-2.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
S 32304	EN 1.4362 · S32304 · 2304	≤0.03	≤2.5	≤1.0	21.5-24.5	3.0-5.5	0.05-0.6	0.05-0.2	0.05-0.6	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
F - 50		≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	24.0-26.0	5.5-6.5	1.2-2.0	0.14-0.2		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
F - 51	EN 1.4462 · S31803	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	21.0-23.0	4.5-6.5	2.5-3.5	0.08-0.2		S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.03
F - 59		≤0.03	≤1.5	≤0.8	24.0-26.0	5.5-8.0	3.0-5.0	0.2-0.35	0.5-3.0	S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.035
DIN 1.4462	S31803 / S32205 · SUS 329J3L · 2205	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	21.0-23.0	4.5-6.5	2.5-3.5	0.1-0.22		S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.035
DIN 1.4362	S32304 · 2304	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	22.0-24.0	3.5-5.5	0.1-0.6	0.05-0.2	0.1-0.6	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.035
2205 / S32205 / F60	EN 1.4462 · S32205 · SUS 329J3L	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	22.0-23.0	4.5-6.5	3.0-3.5	0.14-0.2		S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.03Standard duplex, UNS S32205, ASTM A240 and ASTM A182 F60. EN 1.4462 is the same steel.
2507 / S32750 / F53	EN 1.4410 · S32750	≤0.03	≤1.2	≤0.8	24.0-26.0	6.0-8.0	3.0-5.0	0.24-0.32	≤0.5	S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.035Super duplex, UNS S32750, ASTM A240 and ASTM A182 F53.
S32760 / F55	EN 1.4501 · S32760	≤0.03	≤1.0	≤1.0	24.0-26.0	6.0-8.0	3.0-4.0	0.2-0.3	0.5-1.0	S ≤0.01 · P ≤0.03 · W 0.5-1.0Super duplex, UNS S32760, ASTM A240 and ASTM A182 F55, widely known as Zeron 100.
S 32101	EN 1.4162 · S32101	≤0.04	4.0-6.0	≤1.0	21.0-22.0	1.35-1.7	0.1-0.8	0.2-0.25	0.1-0.8	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04Lean duplex per ASTM A240, widely known as LDX 2101
F - 61		≤0.04	≤1.5	≤1.0	24.0-27.0	4.5-6.5	2.9-3.9	0.1-0.25	1.5-2.5	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04Super duplex alloy 255 per ASTM A182 F61 and A240 (UNS S32550)
S 32906	EN 1.4477 · S32906	≤0.03	0.8-1.5	≤0.8	28.0-30.0	5.8-7.5	1.5-2.6	0.3-0.4	≤0.8	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Super duplex grade, UNS S32906, per ASTM A240 Table 1. ASTM A479 bar limits silicon to 0.50.
S 32202	EN 1.4062 · S32202	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	21.5-24.0	1.0-2.8	≤0.45	0.18-0.26		P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.01Lean duplex grade, UNS S32202, per ASTM A240 Table 1.
S 32003	S32003	≤0.03	≤2.0	≤1.0	19.5-22.5	3.0-4.0	1.5-2.0	0.14-0.2		P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.02Lean duplex grade, UNS S32003, per ASTM A240 Table 1.

Precipitation Hardening

9 grades

Precipitation hardening grades are supplied solution treated and reach full strength through a single low-temperature ageing treatment that precipitates copper, aluminium or titanium-rich phases in a martensitic or austenitic matrix. They combine strength approaching that of alloy steel with corrosion resistance close to the 300 series, and distort very little during ageing. Common applications are aerospace structure and fasteners, valve and pump components, shafts and moulds.

Precipitation Hardening grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	Equivalents	C %	Mn %	Si %	Cr %	Ni %	Mo %	Cu %	Al %	Other
17/4-PH	EN 1.4542 · S17400 · SUS 630	≤0.07	≤1.0	≤1.0	15.0-17.5	3.0-5.0		3.0-5.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04 · Nb+Ta 0.15-0.45
DIN 1.4542	SUS 630 · 17-4-PH	≤0.07	≤1.5	≤0.7	15.0-17.0	3.0-5.0	≤0.6	3.0-5.0		S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.04 · Nb ≤0.45Nb minimum 5xC per EN 10088-3, maximum 0.45
15/5-PH	EN 1.4545	≤0.07	≤1.0	≤1.0	14.0-15.5	3.5-5.5		2.5-4.5		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04 · Nb+Ta 0.15-0.45Ferrite free refinement of 17-4 PH per ASTM A564 (UNS S15500)
17/7-PH	EN 1.4568	≤0.09	≤1.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0	6.5-7.75			0.75-1.5	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04Semi austenitic aluminium hardened grade per ASTM A564 type 631 (UNS S17700)
13/8-Mo PH		≤0.05	≤0.2	≤0.1	12.25-13.25	7.5-8.5	2.0-2.5		0.9-1.35	S ≤0.008 · P ≤0.01 · N ≤0.01PH 13-8 Mo per ASTM A564 (UNS S13800)
A 286 / S66286	S66286	≤0.08	≤2.0	≤1.0	13.5-16.0	24.0-27.0	1.0-1.5		≤0.35	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.03 · Ti 1.9-2.35 · V 0.1-0.5 · B 0.001-0.01Iron-base age-hardening alloy, UNS S66286, per ASTM A453 Table 3 grade 660.
15/7-Mo PH		≤0.09	≤1.0	≤1.0	14.0-16.0	6.5-7.75	2.0-3.0		0.75-1.5	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.03Semi-austenitic precipitation hardening grade, UNS S15700, type 632, per ASTM A564 Table 1.
Custom 450 / S45000	S45000	≤0.05	≤1.0	≤1.0	14.0-16.0	5.0-7.0	0.5-1.0	1.25-1.75		P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Martensitic precipitation hardening grade, UNS S45000, XM-25, per ASTM A564 Table 1. Niobium minimum 8xC, with no maximum stated.
Custom 455 / S45500	S45500	≤0.03	≤0.5	≤0.5	11.0-12.5	7.5-9.5	≤0.5	1.5-2.5		P ≤0.015 · S ≤0.015 · Ti 0.9-1.4 · Nb+Ta 0.1-0.5Martensitic precipitation hardening grade, UNS S45500, XM-16, per ASTM A564 Table 1.

Martensitic

46 grades

Martensitic grades take 11.5 to 18 percent chromium with enough carbon, roughly 0.1 to 1.2 percent, to transform to hard martensite when quenched from the austenitic range. They are magnetic, and once hardened and tempered they reach the highest strength and wear resistance of the stainless families, at the cost of corrosion resistance and weldability. Typical uses are cutlery and surgical blades, valve and pump shafts, turbine blades, bearings and fasteners.

Martensitic grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	Equivalents	C %	Mn %	Si %	Cr %	Ni %	Mo %	Other
AISI 403	EN 1.4000 · S40300 · SUS 403	≤0.15	≤1.0	≤0.5	11.5-13.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 410	EN 1.4006 · S41000 · SUS 410	0.08-0.15	≤1.0	≤1.0	11.5-13.5	≤0.75		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 414	S41400	≤0.15	≤1.0	≤1.0	11.5-13.5	1.25-2.5		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 416	EN 1.4005 · S41600 · SUS 416	≤0.15	≤1.25	≤1.0	12.0-14.0			S ≥0.15 · P ≤0.06 · Zr+Mo ≤0.6
AISI 416 SE	S41623	≤0.15	≤1.25	≤1.0	12.0-14.0			S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06 · Se ≥0.15
AISI 420	EN 1.4021 · S42000 · SUS 420J1	≥0.15	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.0-14.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 420 F	S42020	0.3-0.4	≤1.25	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤0.5	≤0.6	S ≥0.15 · P ≤0.06
AISI 420 F Se		0.3-0.45	≤1.25	≤1.0	12.0-14.0			S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06 · Se ≥0.15
AISI 422	S42200	0.2-0.25	≤1.0	≤1.0	11.0-13.0	0.4-1.0	0.75-1.25	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04 · W 0.75-1.25 · V 0.2-0.5
AISI 431	EN 1.4057 · S43100 · SUS 431	≤0.2	≤1.0	≤1.0	15.0-17.0	1.25-2.5		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 440 A	S44002	0.6-0.75	≤1.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0		≤0.75	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 440 B	S44003	0.75-0.95	≤1.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0		≤0.75	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 440 C	S44004	0.95-1.2	≤1.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0		≤0.75	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 440 F		0.95-1.2	≤1.25	≤1.0	16.0-18.0			S ≥0.15 · P ≤0.06 · Zr+Mo ≤0.75
AISI 440 F Se		0.95-1.2	≤1.25	≤1.0	16.0-18.0			S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06 · Se ≥0.15
AISI 501	S50100	≥0.1	≤1.0	≤1.0	4.0-6.0		0.4-0.65	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
DIN 1.4021	S42000 · SUS 420J1 · 420	0.17-0.22	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.0-14.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
DIN 1.4028	SUS 420J2 · 420B	0.26-0.35	≤1.5	≤1.0	12.0-14.0			S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.04
DIN 1.4034		0.43-0.5	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.5-14.5			S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.04
DIN 1.4057	S43100 · SUS 431 · 431	0.12-0.22	≤1.5	≤1.0	15.0-17.0	1.5-2.5		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
DIN 1.4104		0.1-0.17	≤1.25	≤1.0	16.0-18.0		0.2-0.6	S 0.15-0.35 · P ≤0.04
DIN 1.4122		0.33-0.45	≤1.5	≤1.0	15.5-17.5	≤1.0	0.8-1.3	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.04
DIN 1.4418		≤0.06	≤1.5	≤0.7	15.0-17.0	4.0-6.0	0.8-1.5	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.04 · N ≤0.02
DIN 1.2316		0.33-0.45	≤2.0	≤1.0	15.5-17.5	≤1.0	0.8-1.3	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
EN 56 A		≤0.12	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤1.0		S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
EN 56 B		0.12-0.18	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤1.0		S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
EN 56 C		0.18-0.25	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤1.0		S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
EN 56 D		0.25-0.35	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤1.0		S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
EN 56 AM		≤0.12	≤1.5	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤1.0		S ≤0.75 · P ≤0.045 · Se ≤0.6 · Zr ≤0.6 · Pb ≤0.35
EN 56 BM		0.12-0.18	≤1.5	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤1.0		S ≤0.75 · P ≤0.045 · Se ≤0.6 · Zr ≤0.6 · Pb ≤0.35
EN 56 CM		0.18-0.25	≤1.5	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤1.0		S ≤0.75 · P ≤0.045 · Se ≤0.6 · Zr ≤0.6 · Pb ≤0.35
EN 57		≤0.25	≤1.0	0.1-1.0	15.5-20.0	1.0-3.0		S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
F - 6		≤0.15	≤1.0	≤1.0	11.5-13.5			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
F - 6NM	EN 1.4313	≤0.05	0.5-1.0	≤0.6	11.5-14.0	3.5-5.5	0.5-1.0	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
F - 6A		≤0.15	≤1.0	≤1.0	11.5-13.5	≤0.5		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
SUS 420J1	EN 1.4021 · S42000 · 420	0.16-0.25	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤0.6		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04Japanese designation per JIS G4303
SUS 420J2	EN 1.4028 · 420B	0.26-0.4	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.0-14.0	≤0.6		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04Japanese designation per JIS G4303, widely used for cutlery
DIN 1.4313	F 6NM	≤0.05	≤1.5	≤0.7	12.0-14.0	3.5-4.5	0.3-0.7	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.04 · N ≥0.02Soft martensitic 13-4 grade per EN 10088-3, wrought counterpart of CA6NM
DIN 1.4116		0.45-0.55	≤1.0	≤1.0	14.0-15.0		0.5-0.8	S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.04 · V 0.1-0.2Knife steel X50CrMoV15 per EN 10088
12Kh13		0.09-0.15	≤0.8	≤0.8	12.0-14.0			S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.03Russian grade per GOST 5632, close to AISI 410
20Kh13		0.16-0.25	≤0.8	≤0.8	12.0-14.0			S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.03Russian grade per GOST 5632, close to AISI 420
30Kh13		0.26-0.35	≤0.8	≤0.8	12.0-14.0			S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.03Russian grade per GOST 5632
40Kh13		0.36-0.45	≤0.8	≤0.8	12.0-14.0			S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.03Russian grade per GOST 5632
14Kh17N2		0.11-0.17	≤0.8	≤0.8	16.0-18.0	1.5-2.5		S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.03Russian grade per GOST 5632, close to AISI 431
95Kh18		0.9-1.0	≤0.8	≤0.8	17.0-19.0			S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.03Russian bearing and knife grade per GOST 5632, close to AISI 440B
XM 6 / S41610	S41610	≤0.15	1.5-2.5	≤1.0	12.0-14.0			P ≤0.06 · S ≥0.15Free-machining martensitic bar grade, UNS S41610, per ASTM A582 Table 1.

Ferritic

26 grades

Ferritic grades keep a body-centred cubic structure from room temperature to melting, with 11 to 30 percent chromium and little or no nickel. They are magnetic, cheaper than austenitics because they carry no nickel, and more resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking, but they are less tough and harder to weld in thick sections. They are used for automotive exhaust systems and trim, heat exchangers, domestic appliances and architectural panels.

Ferritic grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	Equivalents	C %	Mn %	Si %	Cr %	Ni %	Mo %	N %	Other
AISI 405	EN 1.4002 · S40500 · SUS 405	≤0.08	≤1.0	≤1.0	11.5-14.5	≤0.5			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04 · Al 0.1-0.3
AISI 409	EN 1.4512 · S40900 · SUS 409	≤0.03	≤1.0	≤1.0	10.5-11.75	≤0.5		≤0.03	S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.04 · Ti ≤0.5Ti minimum 6x(C+N) per ASTM A240 (S40910), maximum 0.50
AISI 429	S42900	≤0.12	≤1.0	≤0.75	14.0-16.0	≤0.5			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 430	EN 1.4016 · S43000 · SUS 430	≤0.12	≤1.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 430 F	S43020 · SUS 430F	≤0.12	≤1.25	≤1.0	16.0-18.0	≤0.5	≤0.6		S ≥0.15 · P ≤0.06
AISI 430 F Se	S43023	≤0.12	≤1.25	≤1.0	16.0-18.0				S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06 · Se ≥0.15
AISI 434	EN 1.4113 · S43400 · SUS 434	≤0.12	≤1.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0		0.75-1.25		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 436	S43600	≤0.12	≤1.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0		0.75-1.25		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04 · Nb ≤0.8Nb minimum 5xC per ASTM A240, maximum 0.80
AISI 442	S44200	≤0.2	≤1.0	≤1.0	18.0-23.0				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
AISI 446	S44600	≤0.2	≤1.5	≤1.0	23.0-27.0	≤0.75		≤0.25	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
DIN 1.4000	SUS 403 · 403	≤0.08	≤1.0	≤1.0	12.0-14.0				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045
DIN 1.4016	S43000 · SUS 430 · 430	≤0.08	≤1.0	≤1.0	16.0-18.0				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04
DIN 1.4512	S40910 · 409	≤0.08	≤1.0	≤1.0	10.5-12.5				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.045 · Ti ≤0.65Ti minimum 6x(C+N) per EN 10088-2, maximum 0.65
DIN 1.4713		≤0.12	≤1.0	0.5-1.0	6.0-8.0				S ≤0.015 · P ≤0.04 · Al 0.5-1.0
AISI 410 S		≤0.08	≤1.0	≤1.0	11.5-13.5	≤0.6			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04Non hardening low carbon modification of 410 per ASTM A240 (UNS S41008)
AISI 439	EN 1.4510 · S43035	≤0.03	≤1.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	≤0.5		≤0.03	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04 · Ti ≤1.1 · Al ≤0.15Ti minimum 0.20+4x(C+N) per ASTM A240, maximum 1.10 (UNS S43035)
AISI 441	EN 1.4509 · S43940	≤0.03	≤1.0	≤1.0	17.0-19.0	≤0.5		≤0.03	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04 · Ti+Nb ≤0.75 · Al ≤0.15Ti+Nb combined minimum 0.20+4x(C+N) per ASTM A240, maximum 0.75 (UNS S43932, EN 1.4509 type)
AISI 444	EN 1.4521 · S44400	≤0.025	≤1.0	≤1.0	17.5-19.5	≤1.0	1.75-2.5	≤0.035	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04 · Ti+Nb ≤0.8Ti+Nb combined minimum 0.20+4x(C+N) per ASTM A240, maximum 0.80 (UNS S44400)
3CR12 / 1.4003	EN 1.4003 · S41003 / S40977	≤0.03	≤1.5	≤1.0	10.5-12.5	≤1.5		≤0.03	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04Utility ferritic per ASTM A240 (UNS S41003); EN 10088 1.4003 narrows Ni to 0.30-1.00
08Kh17T		≤0.08	≤0.8	≤0.8	16.0-18.0				S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.035 · Ti ≤0.8Ti minimum 5xC per GOST 5632; close to AISI 430Ti
08Kh13		≤0.08	≤0.8	≤0.8	12.0-14.0				S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.03Russian grade per GOST 5632, close to AISI 410S
XM 27 / S44627	S44627	≤0.01	≤0.4	≤0.4	25.0-27.5	≤0.5	0.75-1.5	≤0.015	P ≤0.02 · S ≤0.02 · Cu ≤0.2 · Nb 0.05-0.2 · Ni+Cu ≤0.5Super-ferritic 26-1 grade, UNS S44627, per ASTM A240 Table 1.
S 44660	S44660	≤0.03	≤1.0	≤1.0	25.0-28.0	1.0-3.5	3.0-4.0	≤0.04	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.03 · Ti+Nb 0.2-1.0Super-ferritic 26-3-3 grade, UNS S44660, per ASTM A240 Table 1. Titanium plus niobium minimum 6x(C+N), maximum 1.00.
S 44735	S44735	≤0.03	≤1.0	≤1.0	28.0-30.0	≤1.0	3.6-4.2	≤0.045	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.03 · Ti+Nb 0.2-1.0Super-ferritic 29-4C grade, UNS S44735, per ASTM A240 Table 1. Titanium plus niobium minimum 6x(C+N), maximum 1.00.
S 44700	S44700	≤0.01	≤0.3	≤0.2	28.0-30.0	≤0.15	3.5-4.2	≤0.02	P ≤0.025 · S ≤0.02 · Cu ≤0.15 · C+N ≤0.025Super-ferritic 29-4 grade, UNS S44700, per ASTM A240 Table 1.
S 41603	S41603	≤0.08	≤1.25	≤1.0	12.0-14.0				P ≤0.06 · S ≥0.15Free-machining low-carbon 13 percent chromium bar grade, UNS S41603, per ASTM A582 Table 1, where it is grouped as ferritic.

Nickel Alloy

50 grades

Nickel alloys are built on nickel rather than iron, with chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, niobium and titanium added for corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength. The austenitic matrix stays stable far above the range where steels lose strength, and many grades are strengthened further by gamma-prime precipitation. They serve gas turbine and aero-engine parts, heat exchangers, furnace hardware and chemical or marine plant handling acids and chlorides.

Nickel Alloy grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	Equivalents	C %	Mn %	Cr %	Ni %	Cu %	Ti %	Al %	Fe %	Other
Incoloy 800	N08800	0.1		20.5	32.0		0.4	0.4	46.0
Incoloy 801				20.5	32.0		1.1		45.0
Incoloy 802		0.35		21.0	32.5		0.75	0.6	45.0
Incoloy 825 / Alloy 825	N08825 · 2.4858	≤0.05	≤1.0	19.5-23.5	38.0-46.0	1.5-3.0	0.6-1.2	≤0.2	≥22.0	Mo 2.5-3.5 · S ≤0.03 · Si ≤0.5Nickel-iron-chromium alloy, UNS N08825, per ASTM B424 and B425. Sold as Alloy 825 and Incoloy 825.
Incoloy 840		0.03		19.0	21.0				58.0
Incoloy 901 / Inconel 901		≤0.1		12.5	42.5	≤0.5	2.7	≤0.35	34.0	Mo 6.0Nickel-iron-chromium superalloy, UNS N09901. Sold as Alloy 901, Incoloy 901, Inconel 901 and Nimonic 901.
Inconel 600	N06600 · 2.4816	0.04		15.5	75.5	0.1			8.0
Inconel 601	N06601 · 2.4851	≤0.1		23.0	60.5	0.5		1.35	14.0
Inconel 617	N06617 · 2.4663	0.07		22.0	54.0			1.0	≤3.0	Co 12.5 · Mo 9.0
Inconel 625	N06625	0.05		20.5	61.0				2.5	Mo 9.0 · Nb+Ta 3.15-4.15
Inconel 700		≤0.12		15.0	46.0		2.2	3.0	0.7	Co 28.5 · Mo 3.75
Inconel 702		0.05		16.0	79.5	0.25	0.5	3.5	1.0
Inconel 713		0.12		13.4	71.0		1.0	6.2	2.5	Co 1.0 · Mo 4.5
Inconel 713LC		0.03-0.07		13.0	72.0		0.6	6.0	1.0	Mo 4.5 · Cb 2.25
Inconel 718	N07718 · 2.4668	≤0.08		19.0	52.5	0.15	0.9	0.2-0.8	18.5	Mo 3.05 · Cb+Ta 5.13
Inconel 721			≤2.25	16.0	71.0	0.1	3.5		7.0
Inconel 722		≤0.08		15.5	75.0	0.05	2.4	0.7	7.0
Inconel 738		0.17		16.0	61.0		3.4	3.4		Co 8.5 · Mo 1.7 · W 2.6 · Cb 1.9 · Ta 1.7
Inconel 750		0.04		15.5	73.0	0.5	2.5	0.7	7.0	Cb+Ta 0.95
Inconel 751		0.05		15.5	72.5	0.5	2.5	1.2	7.0	Cb+Ta 1.0
Invar 36		≤0.1			36.0
Monel 400 (R)		≤0.3	≤2.0		≥63.0	28.0-34.0			≤2.5	S ≤0.024 · Si ≤0.5Limiting composition for UNS N04400. The nickel minimum includes cobalt and is determined by difference.
Monel 404		0.06			54.4	44.0		0.03	0.05
Monel R405		0.18	≤1.0		66.0	31.5			1.35	S 0.025-0.06
Monel K500		≤0.18	≤1.5		≥63.0	27.0-33.0	0.35-0.85	2.3-3.15	≤2.0	S ≤0.01 · Si ≤0.5Limiting composition for UNS N05500 per ASTM B865. The alloy originator's own datasheet states carbon 0.25 maximum instead of 0.18.
Monel 505(S)			≤0.8		64.0	29.0			2.0	Si ≤4.0
Monel 506(H)		0.1			64.0	30.0			1.5	Si ≤3.2
Nichrome				15.0	60.0
Nichrome V				20.0	79.0
Hastelloy C-276		≤0.01	≤1.0	14.5-16.5					4.0-7.0	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.04 · Si ≤0.08 · Mo 15.0-17.0 · W 3.0-4.5 · Co ≤2.5 · V ≤0.35Nickel balance per ASTM B575 (UNS N10276)
Hastelloy C-22		≤0.015	≤0.5	20.0-22.5					2.0-6.0	S ≤0.02 · P ≤0.02 · Si ≤0.08 · Mo 12.5-14.5 · W 2.5-3.5 · Co ≤2.5 · V ≤0.35Nickel balance per ASTM B575 (UNS N06022)
Nickel 200		≤0.15	≤0.35		≥99.0	≤0.25			≤0.4	S ≤0.01 · Si ≤0.35Commercially pure nickel per ASTM B160 (UNS N02200)
Nickel 201		≤0.02	≤0.35		≥99.0	≤0.25			≤0.4	S ≤0.01 · Si ≤0.35Low carbon pure nickel per ASTM B160 (UNS N02201)
Incoloy 800H	N08810	0.05-0.1		19.0-23.0	30.0-35.0		0.15-0.6	0.15-0.6	≥39.5	Controlled carbon version of alloy 800 per ASTM B409 (UNS N08810)
Incoloy 800HT	N08811	0.06-0.1		19.0-23.0	30.0-35.0		0.25-0.6	0.25-0.6	≥39.5	Al+Ti 0.85-1.2High temperature variant per ASTM B409 (UNS N08811); Al+Ti combined 0.85 to 1.20
Hastelloy B-2		≤0.02	≤1.0	≤1.0					≤2.0	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.03 · Si ≤0.1 · Mo 26.0-30.0 · Co ≤1.0Nickel balance per ASTM B333 (UNS N10665).
Hastelloy B-3		≤0.01	≤3.0	1.0-3.0	≥65.0	≤0.2	≤0.2	≤0.5	1.0-3.0	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.01 · Si ≤0.1 · Mo 27.0-32.0 · Co ≤3.0 · W ≤3.0 · V ≤0.2 · Nb ≤0.2 · Ta ≤0.2 · Zr ≤0.1ASTM B333 (UNS N10675). Nickel plus molybdenum 94.0 to 98.0.
Hastelloy C-4		≤0.015	≤1.0	14.0-18.0			≤0.7		≤3.0	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.03 · Si ≤0.08 · Mo 14.0-17.0 · Co ≤2.0Nickel balance per ASTM B575 (UNS N06455).
Hastelloy X		0.05-0.15	≤1.0	20.5-23.0			≤0.15	≤0.5	17.0-20.0	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.03 · Si ≤1.0 · Mo 8.0-10.0 · Co 0.5-2.5 · W 0.2-1.0Nickel balance, UNS N06002. Published limits for boron, niobium and copper differ between sources and are not stated here.
Hastelloy G-30		≤0.03	≤1.5	28.0-31.5		1.0-2.4			13.0-17.0	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.02 · Si ≤0.8 · Mo 4.0-6.0 · Co ≤5.0 · W 1.5-4.0 · Nb+Ta 0.3-1.5Nickel balance per ASTM B582 (UNS N06030).
Alloy 59 / N06059	N06059	≤0.01	≤0.5	22.0-24.0		≤0.5		0.1-0.4	≤1.5	P ≤0.015 · S ≤0.01 · Si ≤0.1 · Mo 15.0-16.5 · Co ≤0.3Nickel balance per ASTM B575 (UNS N06059).
Alloy 686 / N06686	N06686	≤0.01	≤0.75	19.0-23.0			0.02-0.25		≤5.0	P ≤0.04 · S ≤0.02 · Si ≤0.08 · Mo 15.0-17.0 · W 3.0-4.4Nickel balance per ASTM B575 (UNS N06686).
Inconel 690	N06690 · 2.4642	≤0.05	≤0.5	27.0-31.0	≥58.0	≤0.5			7.0-11.0	S ≤0.015 · Si ≤0.5Limiting composition for UNS N06690 as published by the alloy originator.
Inconel X-750	N07750 · 2.4669	≤0.08	≤1.0	14.0-17.0	≥70.0	≤0.5	2.25-2.75	0.4-1.0	5.0-9.0	S ≤0.01 · Si ≤0.5 · Nb+Ta 0.7-1.2 · Co ≤1.0Limiting composition for UNS N07750. The nickel minimum includes cobalt. The catalogue also carries a nominal Inconel 750 entry.
Incoloy 925	N09925	≤0.03	≤1.0	19.5-22.5	42.0-46.0	1.5-3.0	1.9-2.4	0.1-0.5	≥22.0	S ≤0.03 · Si ≤0.5 · Mo 2.5-3.5 · Nb ≤0.5Limiting composition for UNS N09925 as published by the alloy originator. Oilfield specifications tighten several of these limits.
Nimonic 75		0.08-0.15	≤1.0	18.0-21.0		≤0.5	0.2-0.6		≤5.0	Si ≤1.0Nickel balance. Limiting composition as in BS HR 203, UNS N06075.
Nimonic 80A		≤0.1	≤1.0	18.0-21.0		≤0.2	1.8-2.7	1.0-1.8	≤3.0	S ≤0.015 · Si ≤1.0 · Co ≤2.0 · B ≤0.008 · Zr ≤0.15 · Pb ≤0.0025Nickel balance. Limiting composition as in BS HR 1, 201, 401 and 601, UNS N07080.
Nimonic 90		≤0.13	≤1.0	18.0-21.0		≤0.2	2.0-3.0	1.0-2.0	≤1.5	S ≤0.015 · Si ≤1.0 · Co 15.0-21.0 · B ≤0.02 · Zr ≤0.15 · Pb ≤0.002Nickel balance, UNS N07090.
Nimonic 263		0.04-0.08	≤0.6	19.0-21.0		≤0.2	1.9-2.4	≤0.6	≤0.7	S ≤0.007 · Si ≤0.4 · Co 19.0-21.0 · Mo 5.6-6.1 · Al+Ti 2.4-2.8 · B ≤0.005Nickel balance. Composition as in BS HR 10, UNS N07263.
Waspaloy		0.02-0.1	≤1.0	18.0-21.0		≤0.5	2.75-3.25	1.2-1.6	≤2.0	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Si ≤0.75 · Mo 3.5-5.0 · Co 12.0-15.0 · B 0.003-0.01 · Zr 0.02-0.12Nickel balance. Limiting composition in compliance with UNS N07001.

Tool Steel

88 grades

Tool steels are high-carbon grades alloyed with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and sometimes cobalt, so that hard carbides form and survive the temperatures of cutting and forming. The AISI letter groups separate them by service: W water-hardening, O oil-hardening, A air-hardening, D high-carbon high-chromium, S shock-resisting, H hot work, and M and T high speed. They are made into cutting tools, dies, punches, moulds, shear blades and rolls.

Tool Steel grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	Equivalents	C %	Mn %	Si %	Cr %	Mo %	V %	W %	Co %	Other
Maraging 250		0.03				4.7			7.5	Ni 18.0 · Ti 0.4 · Al 0.1
Maraging 300		0.03				4.8			8.75	Ni 18.5 · Ti 0.6 · Al 0.1
AISI D - 1		0.9-1.0	0.3-0.5	0.3-0.5	11.0-13.0	≤1.0				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI D - 2		1.4-1.6	0.2-0.6	0.1-0.6	11.0-13.0	0.7-1.2	0.5-1.1		≤1.0	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI D - 3		2.0-2.35	0.2-0.6	0.1-0.6	11.0-13.5		≤1.0	≤1.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI D - 4		2.05-2.4	0.1-0.6	0.1-0.6	11.0-13.0	0.7-1.2	0.15-1.0			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI D - 5		1.4-1.6	0.2-0.6	0.1-0.6	11.0-13.0	0.7-1.2	≤1.0		2.5-3.5	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI D - 7		2.15-2.5	0.1-0.6	0.1-0.6	11.5-13.5	0.7-1.2	3.8-4.4			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI A - 2		0.95-1.05	0.4-1.0	0.1-0.5	4.75-5.5	0.9-1.4	0.15-0.5			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03 · Ni+Cu ≤0.75
AISI A - 3		1.2-1.3	0.4-0.6	0.1-0.5	4.75-5.5	0.9-1.4	0.8-1.4			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI A - 4		0.95-1.05	1.8-2.2	0.1-0.5	0.9-2.2	0.9-1.4				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI A - 5		0.95-1.05	2.8-3.2	0.1-0.5	0.9-1.2	0.9-1.4				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI A - 6		0.65-0.75	1.8-2.5	0.2-0.5	0.9-1.2	0.9-1.4				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI A - 7		2.0-2.85	0.2-0.8	0.1-0.5	5.0-5.75	0.9-1.4	3.9-5.15	0.5-1.5		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI A - 8		0.5-0.6	0.2-0.5	0.75-1.1	4.75-5.5	1.15-1.65		1.0-1.5		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI A - 9		0.45-0.55	0.2-0.5	0.95-1.15	4.75-5.5	1.3-1.8	0.8-1.4			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03 · Ni 1.25-1.75
AISI A - 10		1.25-1.5	1.6-2.1	1.0-1.5		1.25-1.75				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03 · Ni 1.55-2.05
AISI O1		0.85-1.0	1.0-1.4	0.1-0.5	0.4-0.6		≤0.3	0.4-0.6		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI O2 / SAE O2		0.85-0.95	1.4-1.8	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.3	0.1-0.3			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03Oil-hardening cold-work tool steel. Filed as a tool steel, not an alloy steel.
AISI O6		1.25-1.55	0.3-1.1	0.55-1.5	≤0.3	0.2-0.3				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
AISI O7		1.1-1.3	0.2-1.0	0.1-0.6	0.35-0.85	≤0.3	0.15-0.4	1.0-2.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
T 70-71		0.55-0.6	0.7-0.8	0.15-0.3						S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
H 10		0.35-0.45	0.25-0.7	0.8-1.2	3.0-3.75	2.0-3.0	0.25-0.75			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 11	X37CrMoV5-1 · 1.2343	0.33-0.43	0.2-0.5	0.8-1.2	4.75-5.5	1.1-1.6	0.3-0.6			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 12	X35CrWMoV5-1 · 1.2605	0.3-0.4	0.2-0.5	0.8-1.2	4.75-5.5	1.25-1.75	0.2-0.5	1.0-1.7		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 13	X40CrMoV5-1 · 1.2344	0.32-0.45	0.2-0.5	0.8-1.2	4.75-5.5	1.1-1.75	0.8-1.2			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 14		0.35-0.45	0.2-0.5	0.8-1.2	4.75-5.5			4.0-5.25		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 16		0.55	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	7.0			7.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 19		0.32-0.45	0.2-0.5	0.2-0.5	4.0-4.75	0.3-0.55	1.75-2.2	3.75-4.5	4.0-4.5	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 20		0.3-0.4	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	2.0			9.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 21		0.26-0.36	0.15-0.4	0.15-0.5	3.0-3.75		0.3-0.6	8.5-10.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 22		0.3-0.4	0.15-0.4	0.15-0.4	1.75-3.75		0.25-0.5	10.0-11.75		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 23		0.25-0.35	0.15-0.4	0.15-0.6	11.0-12.75		0.75-1.25	10.0-12.75		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 24		0.42-0.53	0.15-0.4	0.15-0.4	2.5-3.5		0.4-0.6	14.0-16.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 25		0.22-0.32	0.15-0.4	0.15-0.4	3.75-4.5		0.4-0.6	14.0-16.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 26		0.45-0.55	0.15-0.4	0.15-0.4	3.75-4.5		0.75-1.25	17.5-19.0		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 41		0.6-0.75	0.15-0.4	0.2-0.45	3.5-4.0	8.2-9.2	1.0-1.3	1.4-2.1		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 42		0.55-0.7	0.15-0.4	0.2-0.45	3.75-4.5	4.5-5.5	1.75-2.2	5.5-6.75		S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
H 43		0.5-0.65	0.15-0.4	0.2-0.45	3.75-4.5	7.75-8.5	1.8-2.2			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
M 1		0.75-0.88	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	7.95-9.25	0.9-1.3	1.15-1.85
M 2		0.78-0.88	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	4.5-5.5	1.6-2.2	5.5-6.75
M 3 CL-1		1.0-1.1	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	4.75-6.25	2.25-3.25	5.5-6.75
M 3 CL-2		1.15-1.25	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	4.75-6.25	2.75-3.25	5.0-6.75		Ni+Cu ≤0.75
M 4		1.25-1.4	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	4.0-4.75	4.5-5.5	3.9-4.5	5.25-6.5
M 6		0.75-0.85	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	4.5-5.5	1.3-1.7	3.75-4.75	11.0-13.0
M 7		0.97-1.05	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.55	3.5-4.0	8.2-9.2	1.75-2.25	1.4-2.1
M 10		0.84-1.05	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	7.75-8.5	1.8-2.2
M 15		1.5	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	4.0	≤8.5	5.0	6.5	5.0
M 30		0.75-0.85	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.5-4.25	7.75-9.0	1.0-1.4	1.3-2.3	4.5-5.5
M 33		0.85-0.92	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.5-4.0	9.0-10.0	1.0-1.35	1.3-2.1	7.75-8.75
M 34		0.85-0.92	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.5-4.0	7.75-9.2	1.9-2.3	1.4-2.1	7.75-8.75
M 35		0.82-0.88	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	4.5-5.5	1.75-2.2	5.5-6.75	4.5-5.5
M 36		0.8-0.9	0.15-0.4	0.2-0.55	3.5-4.0	4.5-5.5	1.75-2.25	5.5-6.5	7.75-8.75	Ni+Cu ≤0.75
T 1		0.65-0.75	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5		0.9-1.3	17.25-18.75
T 2		0.75-0.8	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	0.7-1.0	1.8-2.4	17.5-19.0
T 4		0.7-0.8	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	0.7-1.0	0.8-1.2	17.25-18.75	4.25-5.75
T 5		0.75-0.85	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	0.7-1.0	1.8-2.4	17.5-19.0	7.0-9.0
T 6		0.8	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	4.5		1.5	20.0	12.0
T 7		0.75	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5		1.8-2.4	13.25-14.75
T 8		0.75-0.85	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5	0.7-1.0	1.8-2.4	13.25-14.75	4.25-5.75
T 9		1.2	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-4.5		4.0	18.0
T 15		1.5	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	3.75-5.0	≤1.0	4.5-5.25	11.75-13.0	4.75-5.25	Ni+Cu ≤0.75
P 20		0.28-0.4	0.6-1.0	0.2-0.8	1.4-2.0	0.3-0.55				S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03Plastic mould steel per ASTM A681; DIN 1.2311 (40CrMnMo7) is the closest European equivalent
S 1		0.4-0.55	0.1-0.4	0.15-1.2	1.0-1.8		0.15-0.3	1.5-3.0		P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni+Cu ≤0.75Shock-resisting tool steel, UNS T41901, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
S 2		0.4-0.55	0.3-0.5	0.9-1.2		0.3-0.6	≤0.5			P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni+Cu ≤0.75Shock-resisting tool steel, UNS T41902, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
S 5		0.5-0.65	0.6-1.0	1.75-2.25	≤0.5	0.2-1.35	≤0.35			P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni+Cu ≤0.75Shock-resisting tool steel, UNS T41905, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
S 6		0.4-0.5	1.2-1.5	2.0-2.5	1.2-1.5	0.3-0.5	0.2-0.4			P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni+Cu ≤0.75Shock-resisting tool steel, UNS T41906, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
S 7		0.45-0.55	0.2-0.9	0.2-1.0	3.0-3.5	1.3-1.8	≤0.35			P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni+Cu ≤0.75Shock-resisting tool steel, UNS T41907, per ASTM A681 Table 1. Vanadium is an optional addition.
W 1		0.7-1.5	0.1-0.4	0.1-0.4	≤0.15	≤0.1	≤0.1	≤0.15		P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni ≤0.2 · Cu ≤0.2Water-hardening tool steel, UNS T72301, per ASTM A686 Table 1. Carbon is ordered as a narrower sub-range denoted by a suffix, for example W1-9.5 is 0.95 to 1.05. Grade C allows chromium to 0.30 maximum.
W 2		0.85-1.5	0.1-0.4	0.1-0.4	≤0.15	≤0.1	0.15-0.35	≤0.15		P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni ≤0.2 · Cu ≤0.2Water-hardening tool steel, UNS T72302, per ASTM A686 Table 1. Carbon is ordered as a narrower sub-range denoted by a suffix. Grade C allows chromium to 0.30 maximum.
W 5		1.05-1.15	0.1-0.4	0.1-0.4	0.4-0.6	≤0.1	≤0.1	≤0.15		P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni ≤0.2 · Cu ≤0.2Water-hardening tool steel, UNS T72305, per ASTM A686 Table 1.
L 2		0.45-1.0	0.1-0.9	0.1-0.5	0.7-1.2	≤0.25	0.1-0.3			P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni+Cu ≤0.75Low-alloy special purpose tool steel, UNS T61202, per ASTM A681 Table 1. Carbon is ordered as a narrower sub-range within 0.45 to 1.00.
L 6		0.65-0.75	0.25-0.8	0.1-0.5	0.6-1.2	≤0.5				P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni 1.25-2.0Low-alloy special purpose tool steel, UNS T61206, per ASTM A681 Table 1. Vanadium 0.20 to 0.30 is an optional addition and is not a requirement of the specification.
P 2		≤0.1	0.1-0.4	0.1-0.4	0.75-1.25	0.15-0.4				P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni 0.1-0.5Low-carbon mould steel, UNS T51602, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
P 3		≤0.1	0.2-0.6	≤0.4	0.4-0.75					P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni 1.0-1.5Low-carbon mould steel, UNS T51603, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
P 4		≤0.12	0.2-0.6	0.1-0.4	4.0-5.25	0.4-1.0				P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Low-carbon mould steel, UNS T51604, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
P 5		0.06-0.1	0.2-0.6	≤0.4	2.0-2.5					P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni ≤0.35Low-carbon mould steel, UNS T51605, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
P 6		0.05-0.15	0.35-0.7	0.1-0.4	1.25-1.75					P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni 3.25-3.75Low-carbon mould steel, UNS T51606, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
P 21		0.18-0.22	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.4	0.2-0.3		0.15-0.25			P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03 · Ni 3.9-4.25 · Al 1.05-1.25Age-hardening mould steel, UNS T51621, per ASTM A681 Table 1.
M 41		1.05-1.15	0.2-0.6	0.15-0.5	3.75-4.5	3.25-4.25	1.75-2.25	6.25-7.0	4.75-5.75	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Cobalt-bearing high speed steel, UNS T11341, per ASTM A600 Table 1.
M 42		1.05-1.15	0.15-0.4	0.15-0.65	3.5-4.25	9.0-10.0	0.95-1.35	1.15-1.85	7.75-8.75	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Cobalt-bearing high speed steel, UNS T11342, per ASTM A600 Table 1.
M 43		1.15-1.25	0.2-0.4	0.15-0.65	3.5-4.25	7.5-8.5	1.5-1.75	2.25-3.0	7.75-8.75	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Cobalt-bearing high speed steel, UNS T11343, per ASTM A600 Table 1.
M 44		1.1-1.2	0.2-0.4	0.3-0.55	4.0-4.75	6.0-7.0	1.85-2.2	5.0-5.75	11.0-12.25	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Cobalt-bearing high speed steel, UNS T11344, per ASTM A600 Table 1.
M 46		1.22-1.3	0.2-0.4	0.4-0.65	3.7-4.2	8.0-8.5	3.0-3.3	1.9-2.2	7.8-8.8	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Cobalt-bearing high speed steel, UNS T11346, per ASTM A600 Table 1.
M 47		1.05-1.15	0.15-0.4	0.2-0.45	3.5-4.0	9.25-10.0	1.15-1.35	1.3-1.8	4.75-5.25	P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Cobalt-bearing high speed steel, UNS T11347, per ASTM A600 Table 1.
M 50		0.78-0.88	0.15-0.45	0.2-0.6	3.75-4.5	3.9-4.75	0.8-1.25			P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Intermediate high speed steel, UNS T11350, per ASTM A600 Table 1.
M 52		0.85-0.95	0.15-0.45	0.2-0.6	3.5-4.3	4.0-4.9	1.65-2.25	0.75-1.5		P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Intermediate high speed steel, UNS T11352, per ASTM A600 Table 1.
M 62		1.25-1.35	0.15-0.4	0.15-0.4	3.5-4.0	10.0-11.0	1.8-2.1	5.75-6.5		P ≤0.03 · S ≤0.03Molybdenum high speed steel per ASTM A600 Table 1.

Carbon Steel

93 grades

Carbon steels take their properties from carbon, up to about one percent, with manganese and silicon and only residual amounts of anything else. Strength and hardenability climb with carbon while ductility and weldability fall, which is why low-carbon grades go into forming and welding work and medium and high carbon into shafts, springs and wear parts. They cover structural sections, plate, bar stock, fasteners, forgings and general engineering components.

Carbon Steel grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	Equivalents	C %	Mn %	Si %	Other
EN 1 A		≤0.15	0.9-1.3	≤0.1	S 0.2-0.3 · P ≤0.07
EN 1 B		0.07-0.15	1.0-1.4	≤0.1	S 0.3-0.6 · P ≤0.06
EN 2 E		≤0.15	≤0.5	0.1-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 3		≤0.25	≤1.0	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 3 A		0.15-0.25	0.4-0.9	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 3 B		≤0.25	≤1.0	≤0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 3 C		0.17-0.23	0.6-1.0	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.05
EN 5		0.25-0.35	0.6-1.0	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 8		0.36-0.44	0.6-1.0	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 8 B		0.35-0.4	0.7-0.9	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 8 C		0.38-0.43	0.7-0.9	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 8 D		0.4-0.45	0.7-0.9	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 8 E		0.35-0.4	0.9-1.1	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 8 M		0.35-0.45	1.0-1.3	≤0.25	S 0.12-0.2 · P ≤0.06
EN 8 DM		0.4-0.45	0.9-1.3	≤0.25	S 0.12-0.2 · P ≤0.06
EN 9		0.5-0.6	0.5-0.8	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 15		0.3-0.4	1.3-1.7	0.1-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 15 AM		0.3-0.4	1.3-1.7	≤0.25	S 0.12-0.2 · P ≤0.06
EN 15 B		0.35-0.4	1.1-1.3	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 32 B		0.1-0.18	0.6-1.0	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.07 · P ≤0.05
EN 32 C		0.1-0.18	0.6-1.0	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 32 M		0.1-0.18	0.9-1.2	0.05-0.35	S 0.1-0.15 · P ≤0.05
EN 42		0.7-0.85	0.55-0.75	0.1-0.4	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 42 B		0.6-0.7	0.55-0.8	≤0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 42 C		0.7-0.8	0.55-0.8	≤0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 43		0.45-0.6	0.6-0.8	0.1-0.4	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 43 A		0.45-0.55	0.7-1.0	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 43 B		0.45-0.5	0.7-1.0	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 43 D		0.6-0.65	0.4-0.6	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 43 E		0.65-0.7	0.7-0.9	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 44		0.9-1.2	0.45-0.7	≤0.3	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 44 B		0.9-1.0	0.4-0.7	≤0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 45	9255 · 55Si7	0.55-0.6	0.7-1.0	1.5-2.0	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 45 A	9260 · 60Si7	0.55-0.65	0.7-1.0	1.7-2.0	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
CL 1		0.1-0.18	0.4-0.7	0.1-0.3	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
CL 2		0.15-0.25	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
CL 3		0.25-0.35	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
CL 3A		0.3-0.4	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
CL 4		0.4-0.5	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
C 14		0.1-0.18	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.055 · P ≤0.055
C 15		0.12-0.18	0.3-0.6	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
C 22		0.17-0.24	0.3-0.6	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
C 30		0.25-0.35	0.6-0.9	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
C 35		0.32-0.39	0.6-0.9	0.05-0.4	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
C 40		0.35-0.45	0.6-0.9	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
C 45		0.4-0.5	0.6-0.9	0.05-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
IS 226		≤0.25			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
14 Mn IS 14		0.1-0.18	1.2-1.5	0.05-0.3	S 0.1-0.18 · P ≤0.055
C 15 Mn 75		0.1-0.2	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
C 25 Mn 75		0.2-0.3	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
20 Mn2		0.16-0.24	1.3-1.7	0.1-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
37 Mn6		0.32-0.42	1.3-1.7	0.1-0.35	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
37 C 15		0.32-0.42	1.3-1.7	0.1-0.35
45 C 8		0.4-0.5	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
35 C 8		0.3-0.4	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
ASTM A 105		≤0.35	0.6-1.05	0.1-0.35	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.035
SAE 1016		0.13-0.18	0.6-0.9		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1018		0.15-0.2	0.6-0.9		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1020		0.18-0.23	0.3-0.6		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1026		0.22-0.28	0.6-0.9		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1028		0.25-0.31	0.6-0.9		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1030		0.28-0.34	0.6-0.9		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1035		0.32-0.38	0.6-0.9		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1038		0.35-0.42	0.6-0.9		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1040		0.37-0.44	0.6-0.9		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1041		0.36-0.44	1.35-1.65		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1045		0.43-0.5	0.6-0.9		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1046		0.43-0.5	0.7-1.0		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1052		0.47-0.55	1.2-1.5		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04Si content is subject to agreement between purchaser and supplier per SAE J403
SAE 1137		0.32-0.39	1.35-1.65	≤0.2	S 0.08-0.13 · P ≤0.04
SAE 1140		0.37-0.44	0.7-1.0	≤0.2	S 0.08-0.13 · P ≤0.04
SAE 1141		0.37-0.45	1.35-1.65	≤0.2	S 0.08-0.13 · P ≤0.04
SAE 1552		0.47-0.55	1.2-1.5	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.04
SAE 1541		0.36-0.44	1.35-1.65	0.15-0.3	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
Ck 35		0.32-0.39	0.5-0.8	≤0.4	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
Ck 45		0.42-0.5	0.5-0.8	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.035
40Mn4		0.36-0.44	0.8-1.1	0.25-0.5	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
ST 37		≤0.17	0.08-0.7	0.1-0.3	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04C maximum 0.17 for product thickness up to 16 mm per DIN 17100 (St 37-2)
ST C - 60		0.57-0.65	0.6-0.8	0.25-0.35	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
ST 50-11		0.32-0.4	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
ST 52-3		≤0.22	≤1.6	≤0.55	S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045C maximum 0.20 for product thickness up to 16 mm, 0.22 above, per DIN 17100 (St 52-3)
SSF 44		0.42-0.5	0.55-0.75	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
ST 42		≤0.2	0.4-0.7	0.1-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
CF 53		0.5-0.6	0.5-0.7	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
45 (GOST 1050)		0.42-0.5	0.5-0.8	0.17-0.37	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.035 · Cr ≤0.25 · Ni ≤0.25 · Cu ≤0.25 · As ≤0.08
ST 50-2		0.27-0.35	≤1.0	0.1-0.4	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
IS 2062 E250		≤0.23	≤1.5	≤0.4	S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045Structural steel per IS 2062 Table 1, quality A; qualities BR, B0 and C are tighter
IS 2062 E350		≤0.2	≤1.55	≤0.45	S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045Structural steel per IS 2062 Table 1
IS 2062 E450		≤0.22	≤1.65	≤0.45	S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045High tensile structural steel per IS 2062 Table 1
IS 1786 Fe 500D		≤0.25			S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04 · S+P ≤0.075High ductility TMT rebar per IS 1786
IS 4923 YSt 210					S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05Hollow section steel; IS 4923 limits only S and P, grades differ by strength
IS 4923 YSt 240					S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05Hollow section steel; IS 4923 limits only S and P, grades differ by strength
IS 4923 YSt 310					S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05Hollow section steel; IS 4923 limits only S and P, grades differ by strength

Alloy Steel

136 grades

Alloy steels add deliberate amounts of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium or boron, usually a few percent in total, to raise hardenability so that strength and toughness carry through a thick section rather than sitting on the surface. They are used quenched and tempered, or case-carburised where a hard skin over a tough core is wanted. Typical parts are gears, axles, crankshafts, connecting rods, bearings, spindles and heavy fasteners.

Alloy Steel grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	Equivalents	C %	Mn %	Si %	Cr %	Ni %	Mo %	Other
EN 14 A		0.15-0.25	1.3-1.7	0.1-0.35	≤0.25	≤0.4		S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 14 B		0.2-0.3	1.3-1.7	0.1-0.35		≤0.4		S ≤0.06 · P ≤0.06
EN 16		0.3-0.4	1.3-1.8	0.1-0.35			0.2-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 16 C		0.35-0.4	1.3-1.8	0.1-0.35			0.2-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 16 D		0.25-0.35	1.3-1.8	0.1-0.35			0.2-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 18	5140 · 37Cr4	0.35-0.45	0.6-0.95	0.1-0.35	0.85-1.15			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 18 C		0.35-0.38	0.65-0.8	0.1-0.35	0.85-1.15			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 18 D		0.38-0.43	0.65-0.8	0.1-0.35	0.85-1.15			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 19	4140 / 4142 · 42CrMo4	0.36-0.44	0.7-1.0	0.1-0.35	0.9-1.2		0.25-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 19 A		0.35-0.45	0.5-0.8	0.1-0.35	0.9-1.2		0.2-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 19 B		0.35-0.4	0.5-0.8	0.1-0.35	0.9-1.2		0.2-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 19 C		0.4-0.45	0.5-0.8	0.1-0.35	0.9-1.2		0.2-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 21		0.25-0.35	0.35-0.75	0.1-0.35	≤0.3	2.75-3.25		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 22		0.35-0.45	0.5-0.8	0.1-0.35	≤0.3	3.25-3.75		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 24	4340 · 34CrNiMo6	0.35-0.45	0.45-0.7	0.1-0.35	0.9-1.4	1.3-1.8	0.2-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 25		0.27-0.35	0.5-0.7	0.1-0.35	0.5-0.8	2.3-2.8	0.4-0.7	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 26		0.36-0.44	0.5-0.7	0.1-0.35	0.5-0.8	2.3-2.8	0.4-0.7	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 30 B		0.26-0.34	0.4-0.6	0.1-0.35	1.1-1.4	3.9-4.3	0.2-0.4	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 31	52100 · 100Cr6	0.9-1.2	0.3-0.75	0.1-0.35	1.0-1.6			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 35		0.2-0.28	0.3-0.6	0.1-0.35		1.5-2.0	0.2-0.3	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 36 A		≤0.15	0.3-0.6	0.1-0.35	0.6-1.1	3.0-3.75		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 36 B		0.12-0.18	0.3-0.6	0.1-0.35	0.6-1.1	3.0-3.75		S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 36 C		0.12-0.18	0.3-0.6	0.1-0.35	0.6-1.1	3.0-3.75	0.1-0.25	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 39 B		0.12-0.18	≤0.5	0.1-0.35	1.0-1.4	3.8-4.5	0.15-0.35	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 40 B		0.2-0.3	0.4-0.65	0.1-0.35	2.9-3.5	≤0.4	0.4-0.7	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 41 B		0.35-0.45	≤0.65	0.1-0.45	1.4-1.8	≤0.4	0.1-0.25	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05 · Al 0.9-1.3
EN 47	6150 · 50CrV4	0.45-0.55	0.5-0.8	≤0.5	0.8-1.2			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05 · V ≥0.15
EN 48		0.45-0.55	0.5-0.8	0.1-0.5	1.0-1.4			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 48 A		0.5-0.6	0.6-0.9	1.35-1.65	0.55-0.85			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 50		0.4-0.5	0.5-0.7	0.1-0.35	1.0-1.5			S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04 · V ≥0.15
EN 52		0.4-0.5	0.3-0.6	3.0-3.75	7.5-9.5	≤0.5		S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
EN 207		0.16-0.21	0.6-0.8	0.1-0.35	0.6-0.8			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 351		≤0.2	0.6-1.0	≤0.35	0.4-0.8	0.6-1.0	≤0.1	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 352		≤0.2	0.5-1.0	≤0.35	0.6-1.0	0.85-1.25	≤0.1	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 353		0.14-0.2	0.5-1.0	≤0.35	0.75-1.25	1.0-1.5	0.08-0.15	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 354	4320	≤0.2	0.5-1.0	≤0.35	0.75-1.25	1.5-2.0	0.1-0.2	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
EN 355		≤0.2	0.4-0.7	≤0.35	1.4-1.7	1.8-2.2	0.15-0.25	S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05
C 60		0.57-0.65	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.3	≤0.4	≤0.4	≤0.1	S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.025 · Nb ≤0.02 · V ≤0.03 · Al 0.02-0.05
40 Cr 4		0.38-0.44	0.6-0.9	0.1-0.35	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
815 M - 17		0.14-0.2	0.6-0.9	0.1-0.35	0.8-1.2	1.2-1.7	0.1-0.2	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
40 Ni 14		0.38-0.45	0.5-0.8	0.1-0.35	≤0.3	3.2-3.6		S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
SAE 1036 B		0.32-0.37	1.2-1.4	0.15-0.35	≤0.2			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03 · B 0.0005-0.01
SAE 4130	25CrMo4	0.28-0.33	0.4-0.6	0.2-0.3	0.8-1.1		0.15-0.25	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
SAE 4135 H		0.32-0.38	0.6-1.0	0.15-0.3	0.75-1.2		0.15-0.25	S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.025
SAE 4140	42CrMo4 · EN 19	0.38-0.43	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.8-1.1		0.15-0.25	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.035Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4150		0.48-0.53	0.75-1.0	0.2-0.35	0.8-1.1		0.15-0.25	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.035
SAE 4320	EN 354	0.17-0.22	0.45-0.65	0.2-0.35	0.4-0.6	1.65-2.0	0.2-0.3	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.035
SAE 5150		0.48-0.53	0.7-0.9	0.2-0.35	0.7-0.9			S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.035
SAE 5160		0.55-0.65	0.75-1.0	0.2-0.35	0.7-0.9			S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
SAE 8620	EN 362	0.18-0.23	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.035Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8620 H		0.17-0.23	0.6-0.95	0.15-0.35	0.35-0.65	0.35-0.75	0.15-0.25	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.035
SAE 8622		0.2-0.25	0.7-0.9	0.2-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
SAE 8627 H		0.24-0.3	0.6-0.95	0.15-0.3	0.35-0.65	0.35-0.75	0.15-0.25	S 0.02-0.035 · P ≤0.035
SAE 52100	100Cr6 · EN 31	0.95-1.1	0.25-0.45	0.2-0.35	1.3-1.6			S ≤0.025 · P ≤0.025
F - 1		≤0.28	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.35			0.44-0.65	S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
F - 2		0.05-0.21	0.3-0.8	0.1-0.6	0.5-0.81		0.44-0.65	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
F - 5	K41545 · 12CrMo195	≤0.15	0.3-0.6	≤0.5	4.0-6.0	≤0.5	0.44-0.65	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
F - 9	K90941 · X12CrMo91	≤0.15	0.3-0.6	0.5-1.0	8.0-10.0		0.9-1.1	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
F - 11	K11572 · 13CrMo44	0.1-0.2	0.3-0.8	0.5-1.0	1.0-1.5		0.44-0.65	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
F - 12	K11562	0.1-0.2	0.3-0.6	0.1-0.6	0.8-1.25		0.44-0.65	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
F - 21		0.05-0.15	0.3-0.6	≤0.5	2.7-3.3		0.8-1.06	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
F - 22	K21590 · 10CrMo910	0.05-0.15	0.3-0.6	0.2-0.5	2.0-2.5		0.87-1.13	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.04
F - 91	X10CrMoVNb9-1	0.08-0.12	0.3-0.6	0.2-0.5	8.0-9.5	≤0.4	0.85-1.05	S ≤0.01 · P ≤0.02 · Nb 0.06-0.1 · N 0.03-0.07 · Al ≤0.02 · V 0.18-0.25
15CrNi6		0.12-0.17	0.4-0.6	0.15-0.4	1.4-1.7	1.4-1.7		S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
17CrNiMo6		0.14-0.19	0.4-0.6	0.15-0.4	1.5-1.8	1.4-1.7	0.25-0.35	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
16MnCr5		0.14-0.19	1.0-1.3	0.15-0.4	0.8-1.1			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
20MnCr5		0.17-0.22	1.1-1.4	0.15-0.4	1.0-1.3			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
34Cr4		0.3-0.37	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.4	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.035
41Cr4		0.38-0.45	0.6-0.9	≤0.4	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.035
31CrV3		0.28-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.25-0.4	0.4-0.7			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03 · V 0.07-0.12
37CrV3		0.34-0.41	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.4	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035 · V 0.07-0.12
50Cr4V2		0.46-0.54	0.5-0.8	0.1-0.3	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035 · V 0.15-0.3
50CrV4	6150 · EN 47	0.47-0.55	0.7-1.1	0.15-0.4	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.035 · V 0.1-0.2
58CrV4		0.55-0.62	0.7-1.1	0.15-0.4	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035 · V 0.1-0.2
25Cr Mo4	4130	0.22-0.29	0.6-0.9	0.15-0.4	0.9-1.2		0.15-0.3	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.035
40Cr 4B		0.35-0.4	0.6-0.9	0.1-0.35	1.05-2.0			S 0.02-0.035 · P ≤0.035
42CrV6		0.38-0.46	0.5-0.8	0.15-0.35	1.4-1.7			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035 · V 0.07-0.12
42Cr Mo4	4140	0.38-0.45	0.6-0.9	≤0.4	0.9-1.2		0.15-0.3	S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.035
709M40		0.36-0.44	0.7-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.9-1.2		0.25-0.35
File Steel		1.25-1.4	≤0.4	≤0.3	0.5-0.8			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
Cr 20		0.18-0.23	0.6-0.85	0.15-0.35	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
Cr 40		0.38-0.43	0.6-0.85	0.15-0.35	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
61 Sc 7		0.57-0.64	0.6-0.9	1.6-2.0	0.2-0.45			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
60 Cr4 V2		0.55-0.65	0.8-1.1	0.15-0.35	0.9-1.2			S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035 · V 0.07-0.15
FASD 1		0.37-0.45	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.3-0.42	0.25-0.35		S ≤0.045 · P ≤0.045
FASD 2		0.4-0.45	0.6-0.8	0.5-0.7	0.5-0.7			S ≤0.05 · P ≤0.05 · V 0.06-0.1
GOST-(20-XCHMTY-14)		0.18-0.24	0.9-1.2	1.2-1.5	0.6-0.9	0.9-1.2	0.1-0.15	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035
35KhGSA		0.32-0.39	0.8-1.1	1.1-1.4	1.1-1.4	≤0.4		S 0.02-0.04 · P ≤0.04
38KhS		0.34-0.42	0.3-0.6	1.0-1.4	1.3-1.6			S ≤0.03 · P ≤0.03
14Kh2N3MA		0.12-0.17	0.3-0.6	0.17-0.37	1.5-1.75	2.75-3.15	0.2-0.3
20KhN2M		0.15-0.22	0.4-0.7	0.17-0.37	0.4-0.6	1.6-2.0	0.2-0.3
30KhN2MA		0.27-0.34	0.3-0.6	0.17-0.37	0.6-0.9	1.25-1.65	0.2-0.3
38Kh2N2MA		0.33-0.4	0.25-0.5	0.17-0.37	1.3-1.7	1.3-1.7	0.2-0.3
40KhN2MA		0.37-0.44	0.5-0.8	0.17-0.37	0.6-0.9	1.25-1.65	0.15-0.25
40Kh2N2MA		0.35-0.42	0.3-0.6	0.17-0.37	1.25-1.65	1.35-1.75	0.2-0.3
SAE 4340	34CrNiMo6 · EN 24	0.38-0.43	0.6-0.8	0.15-0.35	0.7-0.9	1.65-2.0	0.2-0.3	S ≤0.04 · P ≤0.035Nickel chromium molybdenum steel per SAE J404, close to EN 24
SAE 4118		0.18-0.23	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6		0.08-0.15	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4137		0.35-0.4	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.8-1.1		0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4142	42CrMo4 · EN 19	0.4-0.45	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.8-1.1		0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4145		0.43-0.48	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.8-1.1		0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4147		0.45-0.5	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.8-1.1		0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4161		0.56-0.64	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.7-0.9		0.25-0.35	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4337		0.35-0.4	0.6-0.8	0.15-0.35	0.7-0.9	1.65-2.0	0.2-0.3	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4615		0.13-0.18	0.45-0.65	0.15-0.35		1.65-2.0	0.2-0.3	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4620		0.17-0.22	0.45-0.65	0.15-0.35		1.65-2.0	0.2-0.3	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4626		0.24-0.29	0.45-0.65	0.15-0.35		0.7-1.0	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4718		0.16-0.21	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.35-0.55	0.9-1.2	0.3-0.4	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4720		0.17-0.22	0.5-0.7	0.15-0.35	0.35-0.55	0.9-1.2	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4815		0.13-0.18	0.4-0.6	0.15-0.35		3.25-3.75	0.2-0.3	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4817		0.13-0.2	0.4-0.6	0.15-0.35		3.25-3.75	0.2-0.3	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 4820		0.18-0.23	0.5-0.7	0.15-0.35		3.25-3.75	0.2-0.3	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 5120		0.17-0.22	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.7-0.9			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 5130		0.28-0.33	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.8-1.1			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 5132		0.3-0.35	0.6-0.8	0.15-0.35	0.75-1.0			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 5135		0.33-0.38	0.6-0.8	0.15-0.35	0.8-1.05			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 5140	37Cr4 · EN 18	0.38-0.43	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.7-0.9			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 5145		0.43-0.48	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.3	0.7-0.9			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 5147		0.46-0.51	0.7-0.95	0.15-0.35	0.85-1.15			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 5155		0.51-0.59	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.7-0.9			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 6118		0.16-0.21	0.5-0.7	0.15-0.35	0.5-0.7			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04 · V 0.1-0.15Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 6150	50CrV4 · EN 47	0.48-0.53	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.8-1.1			P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04 · V ≥0.15Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8615		0.13-0.18	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8617		0.15-0.2	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8625		0.23-0.28	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8630		0.28-0.33	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8637		0.35-0.4	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8640		0.38-0.43	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8642		0.4-0.45	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8645		0.43-0.48	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8655		0.51-0.59	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8660		0.56-0.64	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.15-0.25	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8720		0.18-0.23	0.7-0.9	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.2-0.3	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8740		0.38-0.43	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.2-0.3	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 8822		0.2-0.25	0.75-1.0	0.15-0.35	0.4-0.6	0.4-0.7	0.3-0.4	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 9260	60Si7 · EN 45A	0.56-0.64	0.75-1.0	1.8-2.2				P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.
SAE 9310		0.08-0.13	0.45-0.65	0.15-0.35	1.0-1.4	3.0-3.5	0.08-0.15	P ≤0.035 · S ≤0.04Chemical ranges per SAE J404 as printed in ASTM A322 Table 1. Phosphorus and sulphur are maximums.

Spring Steel

1 grades

Spring steels are medium to high carbon grades, usually with silicon, manganese, chromium or vanadium, hardened and tempered to a high elastic limit so they return to shape after loading. Fatigue life governs their design, so steel cleanliness, surface finish and control of decarburisation matter as much as the composition itself. They are used for leaf and coil springs, torsion bars, clutch and valve springs and spring washers.

Spring Steel grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	C %	Mn %	Si %	Cr %	Other
SUP-9	0.52-0.6	0.65-0.95	0.15-0.35	0.65-0.95	S ≤0.035 · P ≤0.035

Titanium

12 grades

Titanium grades divide into commercially pure grades, where oxygen and iron content set the strength, and alloyed grades such as Ti-6Al-4V, where aluminium stabilises the alpha phase and vanadium the beta. The metal has a little over half the density of steel at comparable strength, and a passive oxide film that resists seawater and most chlorides. It is used for aerospace structure, medical implants, heat exchangers and chemical or offshore equipment.

Titanium grades in detail

Composition, % by mass

Grade	C %	V %	N %	Al %	Fe %	Other
Titanium Grade 1 / Ti Grade 1	≤0.08		≤0.03		≤0.2	O ≤0.18 · H ≤0.015UNS R50250. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 2 / Ti Grade 2	≤0.08		≤0.03		≤0.3	O ≤0.25 · H ≤0.015UNS R50400. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 3 / Ti Grade 3	≤0.08		≤0.05		≤0.3	O ≤0.35 · H ≤0.015UNS R50550. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 4 / Ti Grade 4	≤0.08		≤0.05		≤0.5	O ≤0.4 · H ≤0.015UNS R50700. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 5 / Ti Grade 5 / Ti-6Al-4V	≤0.08	3.5-4.5	≤0.05	5.5-6.75	≤0.4	O ≤0.2 · H ≤0.015UNS R56400. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 7 / Ti Grade 7	≤0.08		≤0.03		≤0.3	O ≤0.25 · H ≤0.015 · Pd 0.12-0.25UNS R52400. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 9 / Ti Grade 9 / Ti-3Al-2.5V	≤0.08	2.0-3.0	≤0.03	2.5-3.5	≤0.25	O ≤0.15 · H ≤0.015UNS R56320. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 11 / Ti Grade 11	≤0.08		≤0.03		≤0.2	O ≤0.18 · H ≤0.015 · Pd 0.12-0.25UNS R52250. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 12 / Ti Grade 12	≤0.08		≤0.03		≤0.3	O ≤0.25 · H ≤0.015 · Ni 0.6-0.9 · Mo 0.2-0.4UNS R53400. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 16 / Ti Grade 16	≤0.08		≤0.03		≤0.3	O ≤0.25 · H ≤0.015 · Pd 0.04-0.08UNS R52402. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 17 / Ti Grade 17	≤0.08		≤0.03		≤0.2	O ≤0.18 · H ≤0.015 · Pd 0.04-0.08UNS R52252. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.
Titanium Grade 23 / Ti Grade 23 / Ti-6Al-4V ELI	≤0.08	3.5-4.5	≤0.03	5.5-6.5	≤0.25	O ≤0.13 · H ≤0.0125UNS R56407. ASTM B348 / B265. Titanium is the balance, determined by difference. Other elements 0.1 maximum each, 0.4 maximum total.